LESSON 2:EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

In the early years,before the computer was invented,three are several inventions of counting machines.

200 BC,Chinese Abacus









500 BC,Egytian Abascus













1620 ,John Napier-Napier's Bones

1653,BlaisePascal-Pascaline

1673,Gottfried Wilhem Von Leibniz-Leibniz's Rechner









1801,Joseph Marie Jacquard-Weaving Loom

1823,Charles Babbage-Mechanical Calculator Machine


1941,Harvard University-MARK 1

COMPUTER GENERATION

FIRST GENERATION
The first generation of computer were huge,slow,enpensive and often unreliable.In 1946,two Americans,Presper Eckert and Wilian Mauchly build the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Intragator and Computer).It use vacuum tube instead of mechanical switches of the MARK 1.


Presper Eckert and Wilian Mauchly

In1951,Eckert and Mauchly build the UNIVAC,which could calculate at the rate of 10,000 addition per seconds.

UNIVAC-Universal Automatic Computer


Hardware Technology
New invention of hardware were needed with the new computer technology.


VACUUM TUBE
The vacuum tube was an extremely important step to the advacement of computer.In a computer,a vacuum tube which is an electronic tube about th size of light bulbs,was used as the internal computerr components.
Thousands of them were used.







PUNCHED CARD
Punched card was used to store data.

MAGNETIC TAPE

Magnetic tape was introduced in 1957.It was a faster and a more compact method of storing data.Using magnetic tape became more reliable and cost-effective.





Problem

• the vacuum tubes generated a great deeal of heat causing many problem in temperature regulation and climate control.
• the tubes also burnt to frequently.
• people operating the computer did not know that the problem was in the programming machine
• the second generation computer scientist invented something nw due to lots of problem created by vacuum tubes.

SECOND GENERATION (1956-1963)
The famous computer scientist during the second generation era were:










John Bardeen,Walter Houser Brattain,William Sockley

The creation of transistor spark the production of a wave of second generation computer.
Transistor small devices us to transfer electronics signals across a resister.Transistors had many advantages compared to other hardware technology.

• the transistors were as smaller than vacuum tubes
• they needed no warm up time
• comsumed less energy
• generated much less heat
• faster and more realiable

THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971)

In the third generation era,the IBM 370 series were introduced in 1964.It came several models and sizes.It was used for the business and scientific programs.Other computer models introduced were CDC 7600 and B2500.

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION
Communication has improved evolved facilitate our daily activities.In the 21st century,everything related to communication utilizes technology to `send out’ or be disseminate information to a wider audience.Information can `sent out’ in many ways.The inventions of cellular phones,televisyen other electronics devices are important in enhancing communication.



WHAT IS ICT?
ICT is the technology required for information processing ,in particular,the use of electronic computers,communication devices and software applications to convert,store,protect,process,transmit and retrieve information anywhere,anytime.
INFORMATION
Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading,investigation,study research.
The tools to transmits information are telephone,television,radio.

We need information to makedecisions and to predict the future.For example,scientists can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and warn the public to avoid the disasters in the affected areas.

Information is knowledge and help us to fulfill our daily tasks.For example,forecasting the stock exchange market.


COMMUNICATION
Communication is an act of transmitting messages.It is a process whereby information is exchange between individuals using symbols,sign or verbal interactions.Previously,people communicated through or symbols,performing drama and poetry.With the advent the technology these older forms of communication are less ultilised as compared to the use of the Internet,e-mail or video confecering.

Communication is important in order to gain knowledge,we are more confident in expressing our thoughts and ideas.

TECHNOLOGY
Technology is the use of scientific knowledge,exprience and resources to create processes and products that fulfill human needs.Technology is vital in communication.

Aiding Communication
Telephone and fax machines are the used in extending communication.

Spreading Information
To broadcast information such as news or weather report effectively.Radio,television,satelittes and the World Wide Web (www) are powerful tools that can be used.

TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE


In 3500 BC,the Sumerians developed cuneiform writing.












In 1500 BC,the Phoenicians developed the alphabet.









In 105 BC,Tsai Lun of China invented paper.












In 1454,the first printing began with the creation of a printing
machine.











In 1793,the telegraph line was invented.








In 1876,the first telephone was introduced.













In 1925,television was made known to puclic.









In 1941,the computer was created.











In 1958,the photocopier machine was introduced.











In 1963,the communication satellite was introduced.












In 1969,the first Internet as ARPANET was introduced.